Bima Arya Nugraha

Protein–ligand interactions are of fundamental importance in almost all processes in living organisms. The ligands comprise small molecules, drugs or biological macromolecules and their interaction strength varies over several orders of magnitude. Solution NMR spectroscopy offers a large repertoire of techniques to study such complexes. Here, we give an overview of the different NMR approaches available. The information they provide ranges from the simple information about the presence of binding or epitope mapping to the complete 3D structure of the complex. NMR spectroscopy is particularly useful for the study of weak interactions and for the screening of binding ligands with atomic resolution. Link Video Youtube :  https://youtu.be/UqvatJI6Igk

Isomerism finds its importance in the field of clinical pharmacology and pharmacotherapeutics, as isomers differ in their pharmacokinetic and pharmacodyanmic properties. Drug isomerism has opened a new era of drug development. Currently, knowledge of isomerism has helped us in introducing safer and more effective drug alternatives of the newer as well as existing drugs. Many existing drugs have gone chiral switch i.e., switching from racemic mixture to one of its isomers. Cetrizine to levocetrizine is one of such examples, where effective and safer drug has been made available. In this article, we have attempted to review the basic concepts of stereochemistry and chirality and their significance in pharmacotherapeutics. Various pharmacological aspects such as pharmacokinetic and pharmacodynamic variations resulting out of chirality has been discussed. Link Youtube :  https://youtu.be/8RFqoOcnWeQ